Antibody responses against influenza A decline with successive years of annual influenza vaccination
Influenza vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity can be compromised with repeated vaccination. We assessed immunological markers in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) from six public hospitals around Australia during 2020-2021. Sera were collected pre-vaccination and ~14 and ~180 days post-vaccination and assessed in haemagglutination inhibition assay against egg-grown vaccine and equivalent cell-grown viruses. Responses to vaccination were compared by the number of prior vaccinations. Baseline sera were available for 595 HCW in 2020 and 1031 in 2021. 5% had not been vaccinated during five years prior to enrolment and 55% had been vaccinated every year. Post-vaccination titres for all vaccine antigens were lowest among HCW vaccinated in all 5-prior years and highest among HCW with 0 or 1 prior vaccinations, even after adjustment. This was observed for both influenza A subtypes and was dependent on pre-vaccination titre. Expanded cohorts are needed to better understand how this translates to vaccine effectiveness.
Authors
- Ameneh Khatami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-6694)
- David Hodgson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5585-8974)
- Annette Fox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-7146)
- Peter A. B. Wark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-6126)
- Catherine Delahunty
- Allen Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-116X)
- Sheena G. Sullivan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-0294)
- Archana Koirala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-8825)
- Arseniy Khvorov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-2848)
- Leslie Dowson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-072X)
- Christopher C. Blyth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-0683)
- Stephany Sánchez‐Ovando (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-2506)
- Julia Clark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7746-0599)
- Louise Carolan
- Adam J. Kucharski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8814-9421)
- Kanta Subbarao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1713-3056)
- Sonia Dougherty
- Vivian Leung
- Kristine Macartney (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-0232)
- Marion Macnish
- A. Jessica Hadiprodjo
- Yi Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-8368)
- Helen Siobhan Marshall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-5166)
- Ajay Jadhav
- Kathryn E. Riley
- Michelle Haugenauer
Institutions
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital (AU)
- Sullivan University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children (AU)
- John Hunter Hospital (AU)
- Children's Hospital at Westmead (AU)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Women's and Children's Health Network (AU)
- Peter Doherty Institute (AU)
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine (AU)
- Alfred Health (AU)
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service (AU)
- Perth Children's Hospital
- Monash University (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- npj Vaccines
- Published
- 2025-01-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-01057-x
- Citations
- 10
- Primary Topic
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 13.54
Funders
- Australian Government
- Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases