Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D

Abstract The thermo-mechanical response of an ATJ graphite sample to controlled runaway electron (RE) dissipation, realized in DIII-D, is modelled with a novel work-flow that features the RE orbit code KORC, the Monte Carlo particle transport code Geant4 and the finite element multiphysics software COMSOL. KORC provides the RE striking positions and momenta, Geant4 calculates the volumetric energy deposition and COMSOL simulates the thermoelastic response. Brittle failure is predicted according to the maximum normal stress criterion, which is suitable for ATJ graphite owing to its linear elastic behavior up to fracture and its isotropic mechanical properties. Measurements of the conducted energy, damage topology, explosion timing and blown-off material volume, impose a number of empirical constraints that suffice to distinguish between different RE impact scenarios and to identify RE parameters which provide the best match to the observations.

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Publication Details

Journal
Nuclear Fusion
Published
2025-01-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adab05
Citations
9
Primary Topic
Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
4.66

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article

Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D

I. Bykov, E.M. Hollmann, Yueqiang Liu, R.A. Pitts et al.
9 citations
Nuclear Fusion
Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
4.66
article

Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D

I. Bykov, E.M. Hollmann, Yueqiang Liu, R.A. Pitts, P. Tolias, Matthew Beidler, S. Ratynskaia, D.L. Rudakov, Artem Kulachenko, K. Paschalidis, Tommaso Rizzi
article en
9 citations

Abstract

Abstract The thermo-mechanical response of an ATJ graphite sample to controlled runaway electron (RE) dissipation, realized in DIII-D, is modelled with a novel work-flow that features the RE orbit code KORC, the Monte Carlo particle transport code Geant4 and the finite element multiphysics software COMSOL. KORC provides the RE striking positions and momenta, Geant4 calculates the volumetric energy deposition and COMSOL simulates the thermoelastic response. Brittle failure is predicted according to the maximum normal stress criterion, which is suitable for ATJ graphite owing to its linear elastic behavior up to fracture and its isotropic mechanical properties. Measurements of the conducted energy, damage topology, explosion timing and blown-off material volume, impose a number of empirical constraints that suffice to distinguish between different RE impact scenarios and to identify RE parameters which provide the best match to the observations.

Nuclear FusionVol. 65(2)
ITER (FR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), University of California San Diego (US), General Atomics (United States) (US), KTH Royal Institute of Technology (SE)
U.S. Department of Energy, EUROfusion, European Commission, National Science Council, Linköpings Universitet, Vetenskapsrådet, Office of Science, Euratom Research and Training Programme, Basic Energy Sciences, Fusion Energy Sciences
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
4.66
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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