Biological activities and diabetic wound healing potential of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. flowers: Current knowledge and concepts

Diabetic wounds are significantly difficult to manage in a clinical context because they heal slowly and can persist for weeks.The highly oxidizing environment linked to hyperglycemia and tissue hypoxia causes delayed wound healing.Due to their therapeutic effect, medicinal plants have long been used to treat human illnesses.The pink, red, and yellow colored originally peri-Amazonian Couroupita guianensis Aubl.(cannonball tree) flowers have snake hood-like structures and are used for Shiva prayer in India.This tree is extremely beneficial in treating a variety of illnesses, being rich in active secondary metabolites.The flowers of C. guianensis exhibit antitumor, antidiabetic, and hypocholesterolemic effects.It also has an antioxidant effect which can be effective in the highly oxidizing environment of diabetic wounds.Its antibacterial and antifungal effects can act against bacteria like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species, and fungi like Candida albicans, respectively, where the microbes aggravate diabetic wounds, resulting in delayed healing.Owing to its many bioactive components having antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and immunomodulatory effects, C. guianensis is; therefore, a possible source of novel drugs that can heal diabetic wounds.Further investigations can be done on the contribution of C. guianensis flowers in the healing process of impaired diabetic wounds to establish it as an alternative therapeutic for diabetic wounds.