Exploring the phytochemical composition and medicinal benefits of Semicarpus anacardium L. nut extract to combat bacterial infections and reduce pain

This study explores the pharmacological characteristics and phytochemical makeup of a hydroethanolic extract derived from Semicarpus anacardium L. nuts.Phytochemical investigation exposed the occurrence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and amino acids.The antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced foot edema model in rats, anti-nociceptive action by hot plate technique, acetic acid induced writhing test in mice.Antimicrobial activity was assessed against 5 different microbes such as E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, MDR-E.coli, and MDR-P.aeruginosa.The extract showed a significant dosage-dependent antimicrobial activity against all microbes but superior action against methicillin-resistant S. aureus with zone of inhibition 20.1 mm.The extract showed significant (p>0.01)anti-inflammatory activity, anti-nociceptive properties at dosages of 200 and 400 mg/kg, with higher dosage showing maximal efficacy.These findings underscore the potential of S. anacardium nut extract as a therapeutic agent for managing pain, inflammatory conditions, and bacterial infections.