In vitro antiviral and cytotoxicity assessment of curcumin, eugenol and azadirachtin in foot and mouth diseases virus in BHK-21 cells

Foot and mouth disease" (FMD) is a transmissible ailment impacting animals with cloven foot.Curcumin, eugenol, and azadirachtin, the principal phytochemicals of Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, and Azadirachta indica, respectively, have demonstrated antiviral efficacy against numerous viruses.This study evaluated the phytochemicals' cytotoxic effects in BHK-21 cell by using trypan blue (dye exclusion method).Evaluation of phytochemicals' antiviral potentiality against the FMD virus ('O'-serotype) was assessed by MTT assay.Phytochemical were prepared in serial two-fold dilutions (1.95 to 1000 g/ml) using DMEM media and 10 6.25 TCID 50 of the FMD virus were utilized.The average CC 50 value of curcumin, eugenol and azadirachtin were found to be 285.79 3.02 g/ml, 204.53 1.22 g/ml and 129.37 1.04 g/ml, respectively.Curcumin and eugenol showed better virus inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 25.53 1.48 g/ml and 25.57 1.25 g/ml, respectively, than azadirachtin (39.37 0.10 g/ml).Azadirachtin showed narrower selectivity with a selective index (SI) value of 3.27 0.04 than curcumin (11.22 0.60) and eugenol (8.07 0.71), respectively.