Phytochemical profiling of two distinct stem parts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and exploration of their metabolic pathways

Cissus quadrangularis L., a climbing succulent that is perennial in nature and belongs to the Vitaceae family, is well recognized for its medicinal applications, especially in promoting bone recovery, treating osteoporosis, and addressing fractures.This plant contains an abundance of bioactive substances which enhance its properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, and osteogenic promoter.The study aims to explore the role of nodal structures in the plant's medicinal efficacy by comparing two different stem types from the same accession.The first node exhibits a three-dimensional structure, while the second node shows a two-dimensional structure.Both stem types were harvested, shade-dried, and subjected to GC-MS analysis to profile their phytochemical composition.A total of 105 metabolites were identified in the 3F stem, while 139 were found in the 2F stem.Statistical analysis revealed clear variations in metabolite levels between the two types of stems, with significant compounds such as tocopherol, myristic acid, and octodecane exhibiting different accumulation patterns.Pathway analysis emphasized the roles of fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid pathways, in the observed metabolic alterations.These results indicate that structural differences in C. quadrangularis affect its metabolite distribution, which could influence its potential for treating conditions like osteoporosis and diseases related to oxidative stress.