Biomechanical aspects of gait impairments after stroke: an analytical review

Restoring gait and balance functions after stroke constitutes a major problem in modern neurology. Post-stroke static and locomotor impairments are the most common disabling consequences that are critical for patients’ quality of life and basic functional independence. This analytical review attempts to comprehensively examine and assess the biomechanical aspects affecting the gait in patients with post-stroke static and locomotor impairments. The review outlines the multifaceted nature of such impairments, including muscle weakness, changes in neuromotor coordination, proprioception and stability, as well as compensatory mechanisms developing in patients. A particular focus is on biomechanical parameters, including kinematics and kinetics of movements, to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of impairments in order to develop more effective treatment strategies. The analysis highlights the importance of a personalized rehabilitation approach to be based on specific impairments of each patient. This review is intended to enhance the understanding of the biomechanical aspects of gait impairments for further research and development of innovative approaches in rehabilitation. The data presented are of great importance for the development and elaboration of personalized medical rehabilitation plans for post-stroke patients and may contribute to improving their functional independence and quality of life.