Market-Oriented Mechanisms of Environmental Responsibility and Global Environmental Regulation

In the current geopolitical context, environmental factors continue to differentiate markets with environmentally sensitive end users from regular markets. Taking into account the fact that domestic environmentally sensitive markets are emerging in the cities of the largest developing countries with a significant middle class (China, India), the role of environmental responsibility of producers will increase. International retailers and packaging manufacturers play an important role in this process, with companies in these sectors relying on global voluntary environmental certification standards in their purchasing policies. In BRICS countries, which focus on exporting value-added wood and agricultural products to developed countries, international voluntary environmental certification systems have been developed for a considerable time. For example, the forest certification system (FSC) is developed in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia. Market-oriented mechanisms of environmental responsibility are gradually creating a “new normality” in the global economy, designed to ensure the conservation of high-conservation value ecosystems and the protection of human and labor rights in the production and trade of commodities. Failure to understand and take into account these mechanisms creates limits and risks of reduced competitiveness for Russian exports.