The Role of Bioelectric Signals in Cancer Genome Regulation and Potential Therapeutic Implication: An Overview

Bioelectrical signals which are directed by ion channels and membrane potential (V_mem), play a crucial role in many cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation. It has also been known to influence processes such as gene expression, epigenetics, and tumor progression which are key aspects of cancer development. This study explores the role of bioelectric signaling in oncogenesis, highlighting possible therapeutic implications. An inferential review of existing literature was done to understand the possible outcomes of integrating Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields) with traditional therapies like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Relevant sources were analyzed to gain mechanistic insights from clinical and non-clinical studies to deduce potential therapeutic implications. Dysregulated ion channel activity and abnormal cellular membrane potential are hallmark findings of cancer cells. Deviant bioelectric signals seen in tumors promote oncogene activation and tumor suppressor silencing. These bioelectric changes affect chromatin remodeling through pathways involving calcium signaling, histone modifications, and DNA methylation. Therapeutically, targeting ion channels, such as potassium and sodium-proton exchangers may offer a novel strategy to disrupt tumor growth. Bioelectric stimulation, using techniques like optogenetics, can also help reprogram cancer cells to induce differentiation or apoptosis. There are also potential diagnostic advancements that leverage bioelectric markers, such as depolarized membrane potential, for early cancer detection through electrophysiological imaging and wearable sensors. Bioelectric modulation can enhance drug uptake, improve immune responses by normalizing the tumor microenvironment, and enable targeted delivery using electroporation. Bioelectrical signals influence genome regulation and offer significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Further studies are recommended to provide essential insights into the potential of harnessing bioelectricity for advanced cancer management and improved patient outcomes.