Primary Hyperparathyroidism-Induced Brown Tumor of the Mandible: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is caused by an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) production by one or more parathyroid glands. Brown tumors are giant cell lesions that occur due to a defect in bone metabolism in patients with primary and secondary HPT. Brown tumors most commonly affect the skeletal bones including maxillofacial bones. A rare case of a brown tumor involving the mandible in a 23-year-old woman is reported here. This case illustrates the importance of a comprehensive investigation for all lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region and emphasizes the need to consider brown tumors associated with primary HPT as a possible differential diagnosis in patients with lytic bone diseases.