The role and main characteristics of victims of criminal offenses against life and health that have a domestic nature

Introduction. Currently, Ukraine is experiencing a significant social and political crisis, which is marked by the increasing criminalization of various spheres of life. This has led to a deterioration in state control over crime, a decrease in the standard of living for many families, and heightened sensitivity to stress factors, all of which contribute to an increase in domestic violence. These trends require further research to develop effective crime prevention measures and criminal justice strategies. The purpose of the paper is to define the role and characteristic features of victims of domestic crimes against life and health, by examining the main factors contributing to their victimization. This involves studying how individual, social, and environmental factors influence victimization, and how these insights can inform efforts to prevent crime. Results. This paper explores domestic crimes against life and health as a form of victimization, highlighting the interaction between personal traits of the victim, the social context, and the behavior of offenders. Victimization is not passive; it involves a dynamic process, with victims classified according to their reactions to violence-ranging from passive victims to active or latent victims. The study emphasizes the role of victim behavior and social surroundings in both enabling and preventing domestic violence. It also addresses the importance of understanding the dynamics between victims and perpetrators, noting that specific personal vulnerabilities and behaviors increase the likelihood of victimization. Societal norms and family structures also play significant roles in perpetuating domestic violence, suggesting that effective prevention strategies must encompass not only legal interventions but also broader social and cultural reforms. Conclusion. The study concludes that victimological prevention should focus not only on criminal justice interventions but also on examining the broader social dynamics that contribute to violence. Recognizing the role of the victim in the process of preventing crimes is crucial for identifying potential victims and preventing further harm. The paper emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach that considers both individual characteristics and broader societal factors in the fight against domestic violence.