Urinary Fluoride Levels Among Youth in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016: Potential Differences According to Race
Non-Hispanic Black youth in the US may have greater fluoride exposure and receive more of their fluoride intake from tap water than youth of other races/ethnicities. Factors contributing to potential racial/ethnic disparities in fluoride exposure within the US warrant further investigation so that they can be mitigated to reduce the potential for harm.
Authors
- Ashley J. Malin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-0960)
- Zhilin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-1016)
- Stephen Franks
- Durdana Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1352-801X)
- Howard Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-2707)
- Angela Miles
Institutions
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Florida (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nutrients
- Published
- 2025-01-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020309
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.09