Comprehensive Review of Breast Cancer for Precision Oncology

Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases to humans, for which no proven cure exists. Breast cancer has become one of the most common types of disease and is an important cause of cancer-related death and disease worldwide; it needs accurate diagnostic and treatment techniques. The relative research paper contributes to genetics and histopathology imaging of breast cancer are examined in this study and indicate their potential for unity, which emphasizes the genetic and molecular causes of cancer. Genomics provides details on risk assessment, prognostic indicators, tailored treatment, and mutation detection. The development of next-generation sequencing, followed largely by RNA sequencing, has revolutionized the understanding of the genetic makeup in breast cancer and given rise to the possibility of personalized medications and detailed risk analysis. Histopathology provides crucial information that is required for tumour staging, grading, and final diagnosis through microscopic examination of cellular morphology and tissue architecture. It uses methods like Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Histopathology remains the principal means of both the initial diagnosis of cancer and the assessment of the surgical margin. This review paper provides a detailed study of histopathology imaging and genomics, Our goal is to give an in-depth view to improve patient outcomes and advance breast cancer care by examining the connections and conflicting knowledge that is used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.