Enhancing Microgrid Stability: Optimal BESS Sizing via Modified PSO for Frequency Control and Cost Efficiency

When constructing a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to be incorporated in a microgrid, the main objective is to minimise the risk of microgrid stability and system failure. An improper or careless sizing of the BESS may lead to system losses, excessive capacity, and high installation costs. Consequently, this study suggest a novel technique for managing the frequency of the independent microgrid using an improved particle swarm optimisation (PSO), which aims to find the optimum size of the BESS while minimising its total cost. Our research focuses on finding the most cost-effective way to deploy BESS in microgrids for a period of 15 years. We will also recommend the optimal measurements of BESS to minimise microgrid volatility and system failure in the case of utility grid outage. We will use the PSO approach for frequency regulation. The next step is to examine a standard microgrid and evaluate BESS in comparison to other existing storage systems in terms of their economic performance. By comparing the optimum size of BESS- modified PSO method to both the conventional size of BESS and the ideal size of BESS-based empirical approach, the findings show that the latter may improve the dynamic system effectiveness. In a typical microgrid, the polysulfide-chromium BESS is predicted to be cheaper throughout the 15 years of deployment compared to the chrome redox BESS, when evaluating the financial health of the two storage techniques. Findings indicate that microgrid planning flexibility, grid security, and power system stability may all be greatly enhanced using the suggested PSO method-based frequency management. Simultaneously, it is able to meet the needs for frequency control economically.