Modelling and Simulation of Refractive Index-Based FBG Sensor for the Detection of Blood, Adrenal, Cervical, Breast and Skin Cancers

Cancer cell detection is critical to early diagnosis and treatment, aiming to improve patient outcomes through timely interventions. One promising approach involves using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors due to their high sensitivity, biocompatibility, and ability to operate in real time. Due to the blood's refractive index, the wavelength shift in an FBG sensor varies, leading to a change in the effective refractive index. This occurs because the interaction between the FBG sensor and the surrounding medium, like blood, alters the light propagation within the fiber. The shift in the reflected wavelength corresponds to changes in the effective refractive index, which can be used to detect cancer- related anomalies in the blood. However, the proposed grating structure provides a wavelength shift between 1.43184 and 1.47500 with an effective refractive Index between 1.360015 and 1.401017. Besides all wavelength shifts and effective refractive Index have been proposed for Blood, cervical, Adrenal, Breast, and Skin cancers. The wavelength vs effective refractive index relationship for various cancerous cells has been established.