The effectiveness of probiotics in aquaculture (review)

Fish farming involves a large number of critical stages. Throughout the entire growth from hatching from eggs to reaching the parameters of commercial fish, a huge number of transplants, transfers to new food, and external environmental changes are carried out. In closed systems, the influence of abiotic factors on aquaculture facilities decreases, but the influence of anthropogenic factors increases many times. Such an impact, together with the peculiarities of the intensive method of cultivation, leads to an increase in the risks of infections and stress, therefore, a lot of scientific research is aimed at identifying possible ways to increase the immunity of fish to aquaculture. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to introduce effective probiotic supplements into the industry. For the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish, antibiotics, dyes and other drugs are used, they should be replaced with probiotics, phytobiotics, and vaccination. Modern research is related to the desire to reduce risks both for fish and subsequently for humans. The danger of using antibiotics lies in dysbiosis, the possibility of the appearance of pathogen strains immune to them, as well as in the violation of the natural microflora. The answer to the need to reduce such risks is the use of means aimed at increasing natural immunity. The review examines the modern achievements of Russian scientists in this field.