Abstract 131: Perspectives on Immune modulation and Recovery of Stem Cells in Stroke

Stroke remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. While thrombolysis and thrombectomy are effective in restoring blood flow during the acute phase of ischemic stroke in select individuals, recovery is often limited by the brain's insufficient capacity for remodeling and repair. Furthermore, the post‐stroke inflammatory response initiates a secondary injury cascade, exacerbating tissue damage and leading to long‐term neurological deficits. Expanding T regulatory cells (Tregs) through anti‐CD3 treatment has shown promising functional outcomes in other acute brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), suggesting its potential for stroke recovery. Stem cell therapies have also gained interest for their potential to enhance neurological recovery by modulating post‐stroke neuroinflammatory pathways. Exogenous stem cell delivery interacts with various cell types within the post‐stroke inflammatory milieu, serving as a critical signaling mediator to promote recovery (see Figure).