Influence of etiopathogenetic factors on the development of chronic periodontitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Periodontitis is an irreversible periodontal disease with periods of remission and exacerbations, rapid progression and resistance to treatment. Periodontal inflammation is most often caused by specific dental microorganisms present in large numbers in niches on the surface of the teeth and further in periodontal pockets. The resulting microbial dysbacteriosis, in conjunction with disproportionate inflammatory immune reactions of a person, contributes to the development of inflammatory conditions, which leads to tissue destruction. Studies of the causal relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases indicate that periodontal pathogens and the resulting immune­­inflammatory reactions are associated with the etiopathogenesis of most non­­infectious systemic diseases, including non­­alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The article presents the results of using a data set to obtain information about factors that can directly influence the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis in patients with NAFLD. Objective — to investigate the cause­­and­­effect relationships between potential risk factors for the development of chronic periodontitis in patients with non­­alcoholic fatty liver disease to determine a reliable diagnostic tool for the prevention of periodontitis. Materials and methods. The study included 259 patients with verified NAFLD. After pre­­processing of the data, 10 most important factors were identified, which were arranged into 4 components from 53 potential ones used as input features. Principal component analysis was assessed using the varimax rotation method with Kaiser normalization. To identify factors, we used a value of >1 and a factor load of >0.4. Results. Factor analysis revealed 4 components (factors) of periodontitis risk (alimentary, salivary, hygienic and metabolic) which together explained 72% of the variance of the measurements. The analysis noted the influence of unhealthy eating habits and oral hygiene and changes in oral fluid on periodontal health, especially in the context of NAFLD. Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to develop new approaches to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, especially in patients with metabolic diseases.