Evolution of the development of "capsule hotels" - modern temporary accommodation facilities

The article examines the process of evolution of temporary accommodation facilities called “capsule hotels”. The issue of the history of the evolution of hotels as a general trend is traced separately. The process of emergence and development of the capsule concept in architecture is studied. The emergence and development of capsule hotels is the result of the search by architects and engineers for a solution that would ensure the saving of space, its maximum use for the purpose of temporary accommodation for as many people as possible. It is not surprising that their appearance took place precisely in Japan - a country whose territory is limited to four main islands and several hundred small islets with a total area of 378,000 square kilometers, whose population in the 1970s, due to the rapid growth of the economy in the previous 20 years, crossed the 100 million mark. However, today the problem of overpopulation has become global, as well as ecological and climatic problems: it is necessary to minimize the use of resources and this can be done, including by reducing the space at the design stage. It should also be added the development of the global hotel industry, a number of social and economic challenges, the development of technology, and, as a result, the change in visitor requests: all these factors cause a wide discussion of the future of these temporary accommodation facilities. Analysis of the emergence and development of capsule hotels is necessary to understand the prospects for the development of this type of temporary accommodation facilities. The first known examples of capsule buildings and, separately, capsule hotels are analyzed, and the peculiarities of their architectural and planning organization are established. Examples of foreign experience in the design of capsule hotels over the past 50 years are given, and trends in the development of capsule hotels in Ukraine are highlighted. Prospects for the development of capsule hotels in the future are analyzed. In conditions of constant population growth in large cities, and, as a result, limited space for consumers, capsule hotels are a solution for providing cheap and affordable temporary housing. They can be either a separate facility for temporary accommodation in the city center, or located in an open space, or integrated with airports or railway stations.