Principles of the functional feasibility of the formation of station complexes in the composition of transport and transfer nodes

The article defines the peculiarities of the formation of station complexes as part of transport and interchange hubs, depending on urban planning conditions. The analysis of the rationality of the functional organization carried out on the example of the station complex of the «Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyy» station in Kyiv, Ukraine. Depending on the location of the station in relation to the city centre, the availability of free territory, various functions can be built up vertically or horizontally, or have a combined arrangement of functional blocks. Techniques for organizing pedestrian traffic on station squares presented. The choice of a rational scheme for regulating traffic and pedestrian flows influenced by their volume, character, parameters of the area free from development near the station, and the topography of the area. Two main directions of development of station complexes distinguished: those that develop upwards and those that develop horizontally. In accordance with this, two main principles of placement of functional zones of station complexes combining several types of transport under one volume of service proposed: the principle of horizontal placement of functional zones; the principle of vertical placement of functional zones and a mixed system. The principle of functional expediency was developed on the basis of methods of multi-level organization of transport and pedestrian routes and corresponding service facilities. The main directions of its implementation are a multi-level environment and a flexible architectural and planning organization. The principle of forming the interior and open public spaces with the help of versatility consists in combining several functional zones in a single common space with clear functional zoning of a large room or transformation.