HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE BIYS' COURT IN THE KAZAKH STEPPE

This article examines the historical and philosophical foundations of the Biys' Court in the Kazakh steppe. The Biys' Court occupied a unique place in the legal culture of the Kazakh people. Its activities were not limited to making legal decisions but were also aimed at protecting social and spiritual values. The principles of justice, humanity, wisdom, and collective responsibility are analyzed, highlighting the role and authority of biys during the Kazakh Khanate. The influence of biys on the internal and external policies of Kazakh society, their high moral standards, and impartiality are emphasized. The authors underscore that the Biys' Court drew inspiration from the traditional philosophy of the Kazakh people, particularly from the concepts of wisdom and harmony, and analyze how this judicial system contributed to maintaining the unity of the people. The article also explores how the spiritual essence of the Biys' Court influences the modern national legal system and cultural values