Validation Study of a Non-metric Multidimensional Scale based on Sternberg' s WICS Model for Elementary School Students

The study aimed to investigate elementary school students'perceptions of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom based on the WICS model. After modifying and supplementing the non-metric multidimensional scale, the study validated it. Specifically, since the WICS-based on-metric multidimensional scale(Stemberg, 1985, 2003b) is based on the general public's implicit perceptions of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom, it was considered that this scale could investigate the universal perspectives of Korean elementary school students in understanding and evaluating their own and others'intelligence, creativity, and wisdom In the study, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the factors of the WICS-based non-metric multidimensional scale. The results revealed the following factors for intelligence, practical problem-solving(6 items), intellectual balance and integration(6 items), and goal orientation and achievement(3 items); for creativity, decision-making skills and flexibility(3 items), aesthetic sense and imagination(3 items), and nonentrenchrnen(3 items); and for wisdom, reasoning ability(3 items) and sagacity(3 items). Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the fit of the factor structure model derived from the exploratory factor analysis, and a modified model with improved fit was proposed. To verify the validity of the modified model, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity were examined. The results indicated that the WICS-based non-metric multidimensional scale effectively explains elementary school students' perceptions of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom Finally, the study discussed the implications of using the WICS model-based non-metric multidimensional scale for elementary school students and suggested directions for future research.