Contemporary Insights into Non-typhoidal Salmonella: Understanding the Pathogenicity, Infection Mechanisms, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

Salmonella is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrheal disease in humans through the consumption of contaminated water, animal products, or plant-based foods.This bacterium infects a diverse range of hosts, including birds, reptiles, and mammals (including humans) and ranks as the third leading cause of death from diarrheal diseases globally.Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella, remains a serious public health concern, requiring integrated interventions to control its spread.Despite extensive research on the pathogenicity and mechanisms of infection of Salmonella, salmonellosis outbreaks remain a global threat.This review provides an overview of Salmonella pathogenicity, infection mechanisms, and prevention and control strategies.