Geopolitical Alliances in Context of Strategic Advantages Phenomenon

The global geopolitical turbulence that began in 2022 has its explanation in the context of the theory of strategic advantages, an important direction of which is its interconnection with the scale effect and its extension to the global civilizational development. The study of the peculiarities of the formation of a particular state from the point of view of this approach allows us to rethink Wallerstein's technological model of the world economic system, according to which all countries belong to one of three groups – leaders, semi-periphery or periphery, and to supplement it with a political model of sovereignty, based on the assessment of self-styled (natural) development of a state and allows us to assess the true place of each country in the geopolitical system. The ability of a state to self-styled development is determined by its relations with the hegemon and the presence of hidden potential in the form of strategic advantages, which are expressed in the presence of qualitative advantages of the country in relation to its competitors in five or six key attributes: area of territory, wealth of natural resources, scale of economy, population, technological and military achievements. The comparative analysis of relative indicators of the potential of a number of countries has shown that the United States today has strategic advantages over Russia in a number of respects. However, the exhaustion of economies of scale by the U.S. against the background of Russia's significant potential, as well as Russia's building of strategic alliances, has led to the current global confrontation. The assessment of the indicators of the strategic advantage of the alliance of Russia and China over the US has shown its multiple superiority over the hegemon, which is a serious threat to the position of the US as a world leader in the world economic system. The BRICS alliance, co-founded by China and Russia, is an even greater threat to the hegemon. The article outlines Russia's strategy in the current circumstances, aimed at the realization of three key areas – demographic, economic and technological. All three directions imply the solution of extremely ambitious tasks, which are practically unattainable in normal conditions, but become more realistic in the conditions of geopolitical turbulence and the breakdown of the old order that is currently sweeping the world.