Neogene Relics of the Flora of Karachay-Cherkessia and Their Significance for Understanding Florogenetic Processes in the North Caucasus

Based on the analysis of the ranges of vicarious and separated species having part of the range in the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, the hypothesis of migration of boreal flora to the Caucasus, which took place in the Neogene, with the subsequent formation of enclave areas of the ranges and the beginning of speciation processes, which led to the isolation of some species, which became mostly Caucasian endemics, is confirmed in the article. The presence of two categories of migrants (vicarious and disconnected species) indicates the heterogeneity of migration processes.