Power Grid Planning Trainers' Competency Model: A Comprehensive Framework Based on Instructional Design and Situated Learning Theory

The increasing complexity of modern power grid systems, driven by the integration of renewable energy sources and smart grid technologies, has amplified the need for effective training programs tailored to the demands of grid planning. This paper presents a comprehensive competency model for power grid planning trainers, grounded in Competency Theory, Instructional Design, and Situated Learning. Through targeted optimizations in both course design and trainer competencies, we demonstrate how training effectiveness can be significantly enhanced. Course design optimization, involving improvements in task complexity, real-world simulations, and interactive learning experiences, leads to measurable improvements in training outcomes even when trainer competency remains constant. In parallel, competency optimization highlights the importance of continuous professional development to enhance trainers' knowledge, skills, and personality traits. The integrated approach of optimizing both design quality and trainer competencies delivers the highest training effectiveness. This study provides a robust framework for enhancing the performance of power grid planning trainers, ensuring that training programs remain aligned with the evolving challenges of modern energy systems. Future research is recommended to validate these findings through real-world pilot programs and explore adaptive learning technologies for further optimization.