Fake newsy i deepfaki w kampanii wyborczej w Polsce w 2023 roku – case studies

The 2023 parliamentary elections in Poland were one of the most important democratic events for Poles since the political changes of the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. For this reason, among others, citizens were particularly exposed to widespread disinformation and propaganda, increasing pre-election emotions. This article records the most relevant examples of fake news and deepfakes that emerged during the political campaign. The knowledge relating to each case described has also been organised. Each example has been analysed in terms of the proliferation pattern used, social impact, media commentary and estimated reach. The analysed material, together with the conducted empirical research, allowed to positively verify the hypothesis presented in the study, which states that fake news and deepfakes pose a significant threat to democratic processes in Poland.