Age and Sex-Related Characteristics of Obesity-Associated Adult Mortality

Background. Obesity and associated diseases could substantially affect life expectancy by increasing the risks of premature mortality. Objective. To evaluate the changes in the age and sex distribution of adult mortality from obesity-associated causes in Moscow from 2011 to 2020 in comparison to the average national indicators. Materials and methods. The analysis focused on standardized death rates among the adult population, categorized by sex and age groups (aged 20–54, aged 55–59, aged 60 and older). Results. In Moscow, mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease significantly reduced, especially in persons aged 20–54. The reduction in mortality rate from cerebral infarction was higher in Moscow, especially in individuals aged 55 and older, across both sexes. Conversely, the incidence of ischemic heart disease mortality in Moscow has risen. The study showed an increase in mortality from endocrine diseases, including type 2 diabetes, which may be partly explained by the revised guidelines for coding primary causes of death. In addition, the dynamic in Moscow was more favorable. The mortality rates from malignant neoplasms in Moscow were 8% lower than in Russia, and mortality trends were rather favorable, both in Moscow and Russia. However, mortality rates and trends vary significantly depending on the type of malignancy. Conclusions. A favorable trend was observed in mortality from obesity-associated diseases, such as acute cerebrovascular accident (cerebral infarction) and some malignant neoplasms (colorectal cancer and breast cancer in women). The negative trends in mortality from such chronic diseases as ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes were observed. Men aged 55–59 have been identified as a risk group for these negative trends. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the preventive measures targeting these at-risk groups.