Effectiveness analysis of surface reservoirs environmental monitoring methods in conditions of their eutrophication by agricultural facilities (review)

The high level of anthropogenic impact on the soils of arable lands and pastures has led to their inability to retain and decompose pollutants, including biogenic substances, transported with water. At the same time, agricultural facilities deserve special attention, which on the one hand are the largest water consumers worldwide, and on the other hand make a significant contribution to the biogenic pollution of surface waters. Due to the stable biogenic saturation of reservoirs, there is a threat of a widespread increase in phytoplankton biomass, which significantly affects the quality of water resources. Despite the existing measures to combat this phenomenon, the issue of water bodies environmental monitoring is open in conditions of eutrophication. The article provides a brief description of the most unfavorable agricultural facilities in terms of biogenic load on reservoirs. The features of the biogenic saturation mechanism of the aquatic environment from agricultural territories are considered. The article highlights the main methods of environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment, provides a brief description of their effectiveness in conditions of eutrophication, and provides an overview of innovative methods and technical solutions in the field under consideration. The author focuses attention on the need to create integrated environmental monitoring systems for water bodies that combine the useful properties of its three main methods (physico-chemical, biological and remote), as well as taking into account the process of eutrophication, including from agricultural facilities. The development of such complexes will expand the functionality, improve the quality and efficiency of environmental monitoring of surface waters located near agricultural facilities.