The influence of agronomic factors on the productivity of emmer wheat in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main agricultural practices on the productivity, morphological characteristics, removal and balance of mineral nutrition elements of the Pskovityanka emmer wheat cultivar for the development of cultivation technology and subsequent introduction into agricultural production in the region. The studies were conducted in 2019–2023 in the conditions of the Pskov region. The field experiment studied the levels of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, N60P60K60, N 90 P 90 K 90 , N 120 P 120 K 120 ), seeding rates (4, 5 and 6 million viable seeds/ha) and sowing dates (first and second ten days of May). On average, over the years of research, the emmer wheat grain yield was obtained at the level of 2.2 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N 60 P 60 K 60 ensured the growth of grain productivity in comparison with the control variant at seeding rates of 5 and 6 million seeds/ha by 0.15 and 0.3 t/ha, respectively. Increasing the fertilizer dose to N 90 P 90 K 90 contributed to obtaining an increase in the control of 0.33-0.34 t/ha of grain at seeding rates of 6 and 5 million pcs/ha, respectively. Decrease in yield at the norm of 6 million pcs/ha was due to the development of a smaller number of productive stems. The application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N 120 P 120 K 120 was ineffective, the grain yield was obtained at the level of the variant with N 90 P 90 K 90 . The yield of the emmer wheat straw was from 3.22 to 3.47 t/ha. Analysis of plant samples shows that nitrogen and potassium accumulate in grain to a greater extent, phosphorus to a lesser extent. Emmer wheat straw contains the most potassium, nitrogen has an intermediate value, phosphorus is accumulated the least. On average, over the years of the research it has been established that when cultivating emmer wheat, from 65–72 kg of nitrogen, 27–28 kg of phosphorus, and 82–85 kg of potassium are removed with the yield from 1 ha with the control crop. Only when applying a dose of mineral fertilizers N 90 P 90 K 90 the need of emmer wheat for nitrogen and potassium is fully covered, the removal of phosphorus with the yield is compensated by smaller doses in the N 60 P 60 K 60 variant.