Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Applications in Detection of Infectious Disease

The emergence of the new viruses, bacteria and parasites leads to the widespread infection of the disease. This requires an efficient testing instrument with high sensitivity, high selectivity and rapid speed of detection. The electrochemical method is introduced to the clinical test of a wide range of disease nowadays. Compared with the traditional method of disease detection, the electrochemical biosensor has a relatively better performance in diagnosing disease. Therefore, this work focuses on the application of electrochemical biosensors in disease diagnosis. The basic structure and the mechanism of the electrochemical biosensor is similar to the primary battery. The current can be circulated through a series of electrochemical redox reactions, and it can be generated mainly in three ways in enzymatic electrochemical biosensor. The electrode materials are mainly made by inert metals and carbon-based material. When using electrochemical biosensor to detect various infectious disease, different bioreceptors are needed to be used. They are mainly antibodies and nucleic acid probes. The nucleic acid probes can be used in all virus-caused, bacteria-caused and parasites caused disease, while the antibodies can only be used in viral disease detection. The disease-detecting electrochemical biosensor has a good prospect in the future.