Role of SHP2 in Colorectal Cancer Development and anti-Tumor Immunity

Colorectal cancer (CRC), with the second fatality rate and the third incidence rate, is among the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Therefore, it is an important task to find targeted drugs for colorectal cancer clinic therapy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) encodes SHP2, a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase, which is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells in the human body. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that SHP2 plays an important role in regulating immune cell function and colitis-related colorectal cancer progression. With the emergence of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors, SHP2 has become a promising target for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. This article mainly discusses the structure, function, the regulatory mechanism of SHP2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of CRC, and the current state and prospect of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors in the therapy of CRC. With the advancement of clinical trials for various solid tumors, future research will be able to usher in more effective and safe SHP2-targeted therapies, providing more beneficial treatment options for CRC patients.