Metabolic kinetics and safety assessment of the antitumor drug meloxicam

Meloxicam is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effects, and its anti-tumour effects have been the subject of considerable attention in recent years. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the studies on the anti-tumour aspects of meloxicam, including the mechanism of anti-tumour action, basic pharmacokinetic studies, and an evaluation of the safety profile. The anti-tumour mechanism of meloxicam is primarily characterized by the inhibition of the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway, the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, the inhibition of tumour angiogenesis and the regulation of immune function. In terms of pharmacokinetics, meloxicam has rapid oral absorption, high bioavailability and wide distribution. It is mainly metabolized by the liver, undergoing hydroxylation and oxidation to form biologically inactive metabolites. With an elimination half-life of approximately 20 hours, the safety evaluation is primarily concerned with the assessment of potential gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal and cardiovascular adverse reactions that may arise from long-term use. The application of nanotechnology has the potential to mitigate the observed toxicity).