Methodological exploration of using gene editing technology to study gene function and disease mechanism

This paper discusses the application of gene editing technology, especially CRISPR-Cas9 system, in the study of gene function and disease mechanism. By modifying the genome sequence at a fixed point, gene editing technology uses specific nucleases to induce double strand breaks, trigger DNA repair mechanism, and realize accurate gene modification. This paper introduces the working principle of CRISPR-Cas9 and its application in establishing gene knock-out and knock-in models, and emphasizes the importance of this technology in revealing gene function and molecular mechanism of diseases. However, gene editing technology also faces challenges such as off-target effect and technical accuracy, and involves ethical issues. Therefore, the article puts forward that we should strengthen ethical review, improve laws and regulations, and enhance public awareness. In a word, gene editing technology provides a powerful tool for life science and medical research, and shows a broad application prospect.