Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors: Advances, Applications, and Future Prospects

In recent years, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have gained importance as analytical methods for biomolecular interaction studies in real-time and without the need for labels. This review encompasses the principle of SPR, the kinds of SPR biosensors, and their diverse applications ranging from medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and biotechnological researches. Recent advances in the development of SPR-based biosensors, including their multiple abilities and portable SPR devices, are also discussed. Furthermore, the discussion focuses on current challenges to SPR biosensors with regard to sensitivity and specificity. Besides, the future directions of research and development are also discussed, which include the possibility of novel enzyme-based SPR biosensors for direct biomarker detection. These advances clearly demonstrate that SPR biosensors, which revolutionize modern detection and monitoring techniques, are becoming increasingly significant in a number of scientific and clinical applications. As SPR technology continues to evolve, its potential to contribute to emerging areas, such as personalized medicine and environmental sustainability, is becoming increasingly apparent.