Metal-Organic Frameworks: Performance, Fabrication, and Applications in Biosensors

Biosensors serve as key detection tools in many fields, such as clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety. Although breakthroughs have been achieved in the field of sensor technology, related issues such as sensitivity, specificity and stability remain unresolved. Recent academic research has highlighted the significant prospects of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as potential solutions to these problems. The MOFs, which are composed of organic ligands and metal ions, have high surface area, adjustable pore size and excellent chemical versatility. By optimizing these characteristics, the sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors are improved, thereby improving their performance. This study analyzes the extensive research on MOF-based biosensors. This paper emphasizes their synthesis methods, functionalization strategies, and applications. Specifically, the application here is mainly in the detection of biomarkers of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The role of MOFs-based biosensors in cell and tissue imaging is discussed as well. The goal of this research paper is to explain the latest research results and define potential areas of exploration for subsequent scientific research works. This work would contribute to improve MOF-based biosensing technology.