Error Angle Sun Earth Geometry Analysis on Fuzzy Logic Method in Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Mounting Design

The distribution of solar radiation in Indonesia reaches 4.8 kWh/m2, this makes Indonesia a potential region for utilizing solar energy as a solar power plant. In general, photovoltaic (PV) modules are built with a statically mounting construction, which results in suboptimal absorption of solar irradiation due to the sun's apparent movement. Therefore, this research aims to develop a dual-axis solar tracking mounting that uses fuzzy logic methods to align the solar panel with the direction of solar irradiation, thereby increasing the solar panel's power output. Data collection is categorized under three weather conditions: sunny, cloudy, and rainy. The results indicate that the error angle ranges from 0.11 ° to 1.58° in sunny weather, 0.01° to 109.93° in cloudy weather, and 0.03° to 47.36° in rainy weather. Using a dual-axis solar tracking system, the power output of PV increased by 35.3 % to 67.3%. Error angle occurs due to the misalignment between the apparent movement of the sun and the direction of the PV module motion. In sunny weather, dual-axis solar tracking can operate optimally, allowing solar panels to align with solar irradiation, thereby increasing generated power output. However, clouds obstruct sunlight in cloudy or rainy conditions, making it difficult for the dual-axis solar tracking to accurately detect the sun's movement.