Design and Effect Analysis of a Reasonable Multibeam Bathymetry Survey Plan

This paper investigates the optimization of survey line layout in multibeam bathymetric systems for marine surveying, focusing on optimizing multibeam coverage width, overlap rate between adjacent swaths, and survey line layout strategies. Various techniques, including geometric methods, vector analysis, least squares method, greedy algorithm, and simulated annealing algorithm, are employed to calculate the coverage width and overlap rate, and the corresponding mathematical models are derived. Based on vector analysis, the spatial relationship between survey line direction and water depth is determined. A single-objective optimization model is proposed, taking a rectangular sea area as an example, where the greedy and simulated annealing algorithms are applied to optimize the survey line layout, yielding the optimal solution for total survey line length, followed by sensitivity analysis. In complex terrain marine environments, single-beam measurement data and least squares method are used to fit slope equations. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is then utilized to further optimize the survey line layout, assessing the proportion of missed areas and excessively overlapping sections. Simulation results verify the high reliability of the model, providing effective recommendations for survey line layout optimization.