Codebook Optimization Considering Tropospheric Refraction for UAV Communication

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly integral in various applications due to their operational flexibility and ability to operate at high altitudes. However, UAV communication systems face unique challenges, particularly in low elevation angle scenarios where tropospheric refraction significantly impacts signal quality. In this paper, we propose a novel beam codebook optimization method that accounts for signal bending caused by tropospheric refraction. By adapting the beam codebook to the environmental conditions, we enhance the beam gain, particularly at low elevation angles between 0 and 5 degrees.