Stochastic Geometry-Based Coverage Analysis of Satellite Networks with Shadowing and Beam Gain Considerations

This paper investigates the coverage performance of downlink satellite networks by integrating the effects of shadowing and beam gain into a stochastic geometry framework. We set up a comprehensive system model that explicitly distinguishes between line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel conditions, with a distance-dependent LoS probability governing the satellite-user link dynamics. Analytical expressions for the coverage probability are derived under a conditional nearest satellite association rule, which provides valuable insights into the system's behavior. These expressions are not only validated through extensive simulations but also align closely with the observed simulation results, demonstrating the robustness of our model. The simulations reveal that the derived expressions offer an accurate prediction of coverage performance across various conditions, providing a deeper understanding of the factors influencing satellite network coverage.