FPGA-Based Quantum Emulator for Surface Code

Quantum error correction is very crucial for the development of fault-tolerant quantum computers. Surface code stands out as a promising approach for quantum error correction due to several features, such as its high error rates, scalability, and straightforward two-dimensional structure. However, it requires numerous physical qubits and complex operations, making scalability difficult. We present a quantum emulator for surface code using FPGA, specifically focusing on the distance-3 rotated surface code. This quantum emulator can emulate quantum error correction algorithms in surface code by leveraging FPGAs' characteristics, such as parallel processing, reconfigurability, and high performance.