Sub-6 GHz to 5G-Advanced: Multifrequency Channel Measurements, Modeling, and Characteristics Analysis

Multifrequency cooperative wireless networking will become a critical development trend to fulfill the specific requirements in the future of 5G-Advanced and beyond wireless systems. However, the wide frequency range will introduce new propagation properties that have not been fully investigated in multifrequency bands by using the same channel sounding system. In this paper, we conduct wideband channel measurements at four frequency bands from Sub-6 GHz to 5G-Advanced (4.5, 6.5, 11, and 16 GHz) in various typical indoor scenarios via the same vector network analyzer (VNA)-based channel sounder. Channel characteristics, including path loss (PL), shadow fading (SF), and power angular delay profiles (PADP), are extracted and analyzed. Empirical models of large-scale PL and SF are proposed. In addition, the distribution of the angle of departure (AOD) and the frequency dependence of PL characteristics are studied. The result and analysis can provide realistic channel characteristics for the research on 5G-Advanced and beyond multifrequency systems.