Statewide Distribution of Schistosomiasis Hospitalization Incidence from 2014 to 2023.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of schistosomiasis among hospitalized patients by state. Methods: Morbidity and mortality data were collected from the SIH/SUS system; population data were obtained from SIDRA, and analyses were conducted using SPSS. Data on deaths and hospitalizations due to schistosomiasis from 2014 to 2023 were collected, as well as population data from the 2022 Census. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated based on 100,000 inhabitants. Results: During the selected period, 378 municipalities reported schistosomiasis cases, with representation from 26 of the country's federative units (only the state of Roraima recorded no hospitalizations during the period). Hospitalization incidence by state ranged from 0.36 to 174.78, with an average incidence of 22.69 new hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants. Six states had incidences above the Brazilian average: Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, with incidences of 39.74, 31.67, 134.36, 174.78, 37.37, 58.32, respectively. The states with the highest incidences were Minas Gerais (174.78) and Bahia (134.36). Of the 853 municipalities in Minas Gerais, 78 reported hospitalizations for schistosomiasis. The state had a mortality rate of 3.41 and a schistosomiasis lethality rate of 1.45%. Of the 417 municipalities in Bahia, 59 reported hospitalizations for schistosomiasis. The state had a mortality rate of 9.19 and a schistosomiasis lethality rate of 6.34%. Conclusions: The clustered distribution of schistosomiasis hospitalization incidence suggests the presence of environmental, regional, social, and/or economic factors that make the inhabitants of Bahia and Minas Gerais more susceptible to hospitalization for schistosomiasis. Regarding outcomes, the risk of death is four times higher in Bahia compared to Minas Gerais, suggesting the existence of factors influencing this outcome. Further studies are needed to assess these findings and investigate potential associated factors. There is a significant need for health education initiatives aimed at helping the populations of these states to prevent contamination and to identify early symptoms and signs of the disease, in order to reduce the number of deaths.