Current methods of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (literature review)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global medical and social problem of the 21st century, with a continuous increase in the incidence among people of all ages, and therefore requiring a multifaceted approach to treatment and management. In this review article, we will consider modern methods of treating this disease, including lifestyle modification (diet therapy and physical activity), the use of various classes of hypoglycemic drugs, from metformin to GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, the use of insulin therapy in cases where other methods do not provide the necessary glucose control. In addition, we will touch on the topic of the use of technological innovations in treatment, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, insulin pens and pumps, mobile applications that allow more effective diabetes management, as well as the creation of educational programs (diabetes schools) to increase patient awareness of their disease and methods of its control.