Treatment-induced anemia in oncology, towards personalized and multimodal management.

Supportive care in oncology plays a key role in personalized oncology treatment pathways. Management of non-specific symptoms is of paramount importance.Among the most common complications requiring supportive care is chemotherapy-induced anemia, which can have a significant impact on the outcome of cancer patients depending on its severity. This article comprehensively analyzes the different causes of chemotherapy-induced anemia, including pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentations, and appropriate therapeutic strategies according to clinical scenarios. With the emergence of immunotherapy alongside chemotherapy, the terminology has evolved to “treatment-induced anemia” to encompass broader therapeutic impacts than chemotherapy alone.Understanding the predictors of chemotherapy-induced anemia is crucial for early intervention and personalized care planning, aiming to optimize patient outcomes and minimize treatment interruptions. Management strategies include adherence to clinical guidelines, dose adjustments, and consideration of individual patient characteristics and contraindications for each treatment option. Future perspectives focus on developing national recommendations for dose adjustment and reduction strategies to further improve the clinical management of chemotherapy-induced anemia. Clinicians can ensure an improvement in the quality of life of cancer patients throughout their treatment journey.