Changes in Structure, Tree Species Composition, and Diversity of the Abu Geili Riverine Forest Reserve, Sinnar State, Sudan

This study assesses the structure, composition, diversity, and conservation status of the Abu Geili Riverine Forest Reserve (AGRFR), Sudan, to evaluate changes in these attributes between 2011 and 2021. Thirty sample plots (radius = 17.84 m) were established systematically. The distance between plots was 50 m and 100 m between survey lines to facilitate the identification, counting, and measuring of diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of all living trees and compare that with 2011 data. The results identified 462 trees across 32 species and 15 families in 2021, reflecting an increase in species and family diversity from 2011, which reported 626 trees from 23 species and 12 families. The Fabaceae family was most dominant, with ten species in 2021 and six in 2011. In both years, the Miliaceae and Moraceae had three species each. Three of the four calculated diversity indices displayed increasing trends, highlighting the rich diversity of the area and its importance for conservation and management.