Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Literature Review and Clinical Case Study

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, primarily affecting individuals with severe immunosuppression. Its subacute onset, nonspecific clinical manifestations, and MRI findings complicate accurate and timely diagnosis. This review provides a brief overview of the etiology and fundamental pathogenesis of the disease, demonstrating through a clinical case the importance of a multimodal approach and the potential challenges in the differential diagnosis of PML.