Disseminated cryptococcosis with multiple bone involvement in a renal transplant recipient.

Solid organ transplants (SOT) have grown with medical technology. But beyond the basic supply-and-demand challenges associated with SOT, there are, of course, also the inherent risks to the recipient, namely infection. Cryptococcosis infections, is the third most common invasive fungal infection in SOT recipients. The 2 most common species causing infections are Cryptococcus neoformans and C gattii. Eight percent of invasive fungal infections in SOT recipients are a result of cryptococcosis, and the incidence in SOT recipients is anywhere between 0.2% and 5%. Typically found in the environment, this fungus has been known to infect immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. It is usually a result of inhaling the organism from bird droppings or soil. We report the first case in our department of a young adult female on haemodialysis for 9 years for chronic renal failure due to indeterminate nephropathy. She received a kidney transplant from her HLA semi-identical brother in 2012. She is currently on immunosuppressive therapy to prevent organ rejection. Eleven years post-transplant, With a creatinine level of 8 mg/L. In January 2023, the patient was diagnosed with a disseminated cryptococcal fungal infection. Histological examination confirmed the presence of the fungal infection in the patient's bones. This is a rare but serious complication of disseminated cryptococcosis. The patient responded well to antifungal treatment administered according to guidelines established by expert societies.