Re-determination of National Thermal Energy Statistics from the Perspective of Energy Consumption

Since carbon neutrality requires reducing dependence on fossil fuels, an accurate analysis of final energy consumption is essential for an effective transition. According to major international reports, thermal energy accounts for approximately 50% of final energy consumption. However, in the Republic of Korea (Korea), the proportion of thermal energy, limited to heat supply, is only 1-2%. This discrepancy, due to a lack of national statistics and policies on thermal energy, highlights a significant difference from the international reality where thermal energy constitutes a major part of energy demand, posing challenges for formulating effective policies for carbon neutrality. This study aims to recalculate Korea’s national thermal energy statistics from an energy consumption perspective, using only the nationally recognized Energy Statistical Yearbook and its revised energy balance data, based on 2018 data. Final energy was categorized into nonelectric and electric thermal energy, and thermal energy consumption was calculated for the industrial, building, and transportation sectors. The key findings indicate that thermal energy accounted for 55% of final energy, with 46% from the non-electric sector and 9% from the electric sector. By sector, the industrial sector accounted for 37% and the building sector for 18%. Additionally, 68% of total energy in the industrial sector and 32% in the building sector was attributed to thermal energy. These figures closely align with estimates from previous studies that used more complex methodologies, demonstrating high reliability. The results suggest that thermal energy, particularly in the industrial and building sectors, should be prioritized for reduction and transition in the pursuit of carbon neutrality. This recalculation method of thermal energy statistics could enhance understanding of thermal energy, contributing to more efficient policy development and the establishment of an information system.