VISUAL BAR REPRESENTATION (VBR) FRAMEWORK FOR SOLVING MATHEMATICAL HIGHER ORDER THINKING QUESTIONS FOR YEAR 4 PUPILS AT SK SERI ANGGERIK

This study aims to develop a Visual Bar Representation (VBR) framework for solving High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) mathematical problems for Year 4 pupils at SK Seri Anggerik. The study uses a Type I Design and Development approach to develop the framework. In the Needs Analysis Phase, the pupils’ HOTS levels were tested using the Year 4 Mathematics HOTS Test instrument. In the design and development phase of the framework, the Fuzzy Delphi method was chosen, involving 13 experts to obtain agreement, consensus, and validation on the developed framework constructs. To test the usability of this framework, a quasi-experimental study without a control group was conducted. The findings from the needs analysis phase showed a low mean score for the pupils’ HOTS test, with a mean value of 15.21 scores. The results of the Fuzzy Delphi study indicated that experts agreed and reached a consensus on five elements and twelve sub-elements, with each item exceeding 85%. Findings from the quasi-experimental study without a control group showed a mean value of 31.97 for the pre-test and 72.14 for the post-test. In conclusion, the use of the VBR framework in mathematics learning can enhance pupils’ achievement in solving HOTS-based problems among Year 4 pupils.